Situation analysis of Grill`d Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Situation analysis of Grilld - Essay ExampleThe paper presents a brief situation analysis of Grilld comprising major components to it market analysis, product analysis, competition, distribution analysis and SWOT analysis etc. This paper highlighted that Grilld, though started as a small young in 2004, has now emerged to be a big company operating by 51 own and franchised businesses and delivering quality and hot burgers across major towns of Australia. local marketing has been a significant marketing strategy, whereas franchising and Airstream by which it sends its van with burgers to various programs and events are other significant distribution strategies. As far as competition is concerned, the company faces quite fierce competition from local as well as multinationals such as McDonald and Burger King. It has more opportunities since it can always suss out its presence whenever there are events or festivals. To develop a comprehensive marketing plan about the product or serv ice being marketed commonly requires formative research that can flesh out details of strengths and opportunities the firm experiences. With a situation analysis, the firm can style inward to understand its strengths and weaknesses and look outward to see what its opportunities and threats are. Grilld is a chain of burger bars designing, making and selling sporting, healthy and quality beef, chicken breast and lamb burgers. When the set-back Grild restaurant was opened in Melbourne in March 2004, it has truly caused people to think of quality meal-sized burgers to be available in parts of Australia and the dreaming became reality that the company opened as many as more than 45 branches in several regions of Australia such as Brisbane, Coolangatta, Sydney, Newscattle etc. (Franchise Business, 2012) The company operates through its won as well as franchised stores with a view to meet an on going and ever increasing demand for quality hamburgers made with fresh and fine ingredient s of chicken and beef. As far the basic marketing concept is concerned, it should start with potential customer needs, but not with production process (Perreault, waist and McCarthy, p. 6). A successful marketer is one who anticipates needs and determines what specific goods or services to be offered to target the customers. Grilld is another example for how successfully a marketer can anticipate needs and thus seize marketing opportunities. It has been a major reason why Grilld is Australias one of the exuberantest growing hamburger retail networks (dcstrategy.com, 2012). It not only anticipated the customer needs for burgers, but also the latent customers seeking of quality, fresh and fine ingredients for food or related items available in the market. The Market Situation As noted by the 2007 CEO of Grilld, Simon Crowe, the company in the main appeals to a wide spectrum of customers, being the primary targeted market as people between the ages of 21 and 28. Quite specifically, this generation highly particular about fast food and are becoming greatly familiar with fast food concept, but are health conscious too. Grilld is targeting this generation since they ask food that is adult-oriented with a concept of fun-food designs and they expect it from reliable brand (The Australian, 2007). A target market comprises of set of buyers who share common needs, characteristics or features that the marketer decides to go to them (Armstrong and Kotler, 2005, p. 199). Buyers have unique needs and wants that the company target them with certain product or service

Evolution of the Use of Wool Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evolution of the Use of Wool - Term Paper patternSince then, man has made efforts to improve and maximize on it by selective breeding of excess wool producing sheep and also incorporating other qualities into the wool fabric, including mothproofing, stain-proofing, durable creasing and pleating, melt off resistance and shower-proofing (Guthrie 145). Science and technology came in to improve the quality of wool and maximize the products keeping it in the fabrics forefront making it suitable for the modern requirements without alter its virtues.After man started domesticating sheep, he used to milk it, and whenever it would shed its fleece, it would be collected, spun, and used to weave clothes. It then dawned on a man that killing sheep for union only was a waste of resources, material, and food. He then resorted to becoming a shepherd and later on came up with a method of producing clothes from the fleece. He used to spin the wool to produce a thread by taking it in one hand and drawing it out twisting it development the fingers of the other hand. This then resulted in a thick yarn that was uneven.Later on, man developed a crude spindle, where he fitted a clay inner circle or a stone to a short wooden stick end. The ring made it possible to wound the drawn-out yarn on the spindle. This rotate method was later used for thousands of eld. The threads were woven to produce clothes, and the first products were made up of a beam from which warps were hung before being weighted by the stones at the lower end. The yarn was then threaded across the warp in such an act of over and under. This system was also used for thousands of years just like spinning (Gleason 185).After the two implements for spinning and weaving spun wool, the first improvement to be done was on the loom. Instead of the vertical time out of the warp threads from the beam, they were horizontally laid across the frame. Sticks were then tied to withalternate warp threads, and they would be low ered and raised in turn.

Computer and Network Hardware Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Computer and Network Hardware - Assignment ExampleThis issue result cast a great loss on centralized management as well as security of a network system. Multiple domain controllers may also lead to smirch tolerance within an Active Directory environment.DNS servers are installed in computer networks to provide fault tolerance, traffic loads as well as replication. DNS servers therefore have to be planned with care to ensure that the required number of zones and requests from clients are included. In a case where a DNS server records low performance, additional gate-crash can be added to the server to improve its performance. In installation of a DNS server, a primary server, backup as well secondary server will be required to ensure high availability (Technology facts, 2012).A DNS server is standardized by application of a set of Request for Comments to ensure it provides interoperability with former(a) implementations of network servers. These system capabilities enable it to w ork successfully with other DNS server implementations. A high application Director DNS can be replicated to provide a high availability of the server as it monitors the DNS application processing.A end access gateway authorizes remote network users to establish a connection to a private or internal corporate network from any device that is internet enabled. Resources of this network can include computers in which Remote Desktop has been enabled, terminal servers or terminal servers that run Remote Application programs. It should be installed in a different cluster in which a web service has been installed.A terminal access gateway establishes an encrypted and secure connection for remote users through the uses of a Remote Desktop Protocol. A connection will also be developed between the remote users and the internal network resources in which their applications run.A web server responds to a users

Financial services Essay Example for Free

Financial go EssayHSBC wants to be know as the human beingnesss topical anesthetic bank and this tagline reflects HSBC positioning as a globe spanning financial institution with a unique focus on serving topical anaesthetic anesthetic merchandises. The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Ltd (HSBC) was established in 1865 to finance the growing trade between China and the fall in Kingdom and currently, it is the second jumbost bank in the world. In spite of serving more than than 100 million customers through 9500 branches in 79 countries, the bank works hard to maintain local anaesthetic presence and local knowledge each area. Its fundamental operating strategy is remaining close to its customers. As chairman Sir John Bond said our position as the balls local bank enables us to approach each country uniquely, blending local knowledge with a worldwide operating platform. Ads for the HSBC campaign turn in two different counselings of culture Profile of soci ety and the description of the market where HSBC operates HSBC has got everywhere 7. 500 abilitys in 87 countries. It is very widespread and has round 220. 000 shareholders in 124 countries and territories.It imparts a full celestial orbit of financial services being Personal Financial Services, Commercial Banking, corporal Investment Banking and Markets Private Banking. HSBC mainly operates in Europe, Hong Kong, Asia-pacific region, Australia and America. It is interested in the emerging markets of Asia-Pacific region and is nonstoply heavily investing in these regions. The major top UK competitors of HSBC are Barclays and Royal Bank of Scotland and Those are the corporations performance where HSBC carefully investigates and tracks at all times.However HSBC is not a bank that follows the ideas and the management manners of its competitors. HSBC Holdings PLC has shown steady growth in share price over the last five years and clearly indicates that a club is worth investing in. HSBC Group also demonstrates constant growth and is a very rock-steady corporation. These enable us to recommend investing in HSBC because of its growth opportunities and bright profitable prospects. The HSBC banking corporation is on third position in the world in regard to as brands ownership. Al just about 22% of HSBCs profits contain been derived from Hong Kong, which is a thoroughly known operational centre.Known as the worlds local bank, HSBC has a history of helping millions of customers orbiculately in order to achieve their financial aspirations. They on a lower floorstand the importance and functioning of different markets through their experience in supranational trade. As a result, HSBC has grown into a company or banking institution that has the deepest respect for different cultures and people connected to these cultures. Their motto is to look at their customers as individuals and strive towards providing them with a personalised service and credit card prod ucts that will fit each of their specific needs.Simultaneously, HSBC Group has been trying to build up a good reputation in the US and conquer the markets of HSBC North America, proudly stands one of the top 10 financial services companies in the United States. Its combined team reached more than 53,000 employees works with the common goal of meeting the needs for about 100 million customers. After achieving the goals in US, the company think on developing countries and is more interested in the emerging markets of Asia-Pacific region and is continuously heavily investing in these regions. Furthermore HSBC is considering moving its point in time office from London to Hong Kong.Britains greatest bank, warned discover shareholders that this was unsatisfying full-year results have made arguments for shifting HSBCs domicile to Hong Kong unsatisfying. The investors have been shocked by the swift gear-change in HSBCs look backward of its domicile but some(prenominal) others have al sterilise told the HSBC that they would sponsor the move. Some other investors said that they understood the move and that the bank had been a change of feel as HSBC reviews its domicile. UKs capital cost for the main banks, now is one of the greatest in the world and according to the Basel terms, is expected to go even spiriteder.Although HSBC refine to the investors that if the terms in Hong Kong is more relaxed requirements, that potbelly cost less and develop more profit by making it the best(p) use of its balance sheet. The loss of HSBCs head office in London, despite the fact that abuse for months because of the raise in financial arrangements, would be a severe blow to the Coalition which, admitting some of its banker comment is relying on a private-sector-led recovery. However, HSBC supported that it elects to stay in UK and told that an approaching change in its position was entirely hypothetical. Marketing environment of HSBCThe most important purport of the enshro ud is to investigate the business environment of HSBC Holdings PLC. HSBC Holdings also is one of the market leaders in todays banking world. HSBC head office it can be found at Londons Canary Wharf on the HSBC tower. HSBC stands for Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, which was established by a man from Scotland, named Thomas Sutherland, in 1865. The report presents information about the companys activities, financial performance and market environment. Going through few major topics will digest investors with reasonable overview.The first part of the main body will primarily focus on the Companys Profile and Activities, afterwards the analysis of macro-environment and the micro-environment of the company, evidence of an audit of key competences within the company followed with the recommendations and conclusion. Macro-Environment Analysis PEST ANALYSIS semipolitical Government is responsible for protecting the public interest. Political stability affects business decisio n. Consumer protection. Regulations of business activities. scotch Competitor activity. Competition for resources. Savings.Unemployment numbers. SOCIAL Work life balance. Trends in consumer behaviours. Leisure. Lifestyle. TECHNOLOGY Technological arrange is speeding up. Technology develops now products ( cyberspace). Improved communication. Internet business. POLITICAL ANALYSIS HSBC banking has been sheltered by the regulations and policies made by different governings in the countries where they are working. The company has been able to remain to the policies agreed by each government to make sure that the company will be able to accomplish business operation successfully and effectively.HSBC Company also formulates their own defence strategies anyway any governmental restrictions and limitations. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS Being one of the worlds leading and completive businesses in conditions of banking and finance HSBC said to have a rock-steady and successful economic strength. In s pite of lots of dangers that they meet in many parts of the world, the management of HSBC make what they need to be able to go beyond such struggles and to have a bankrupt economic condition and create a shield against unemployment. SOCIAL ANALYSIS HSBC is being affected by the circumstances of the society in which they are in use.By the side of this HSBC tries harder to make sure that each society is given the same chances to take the derive of the resources given by the organization. The company adhere to having good name and relations in the society that belong to secure that everything will be customary and under control. TECHNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS The urgent situation of information engine room, internet and generally the improvement of technology effects how HSBC has been working in the past years. The company front for different systems and used internet to get to their costumer all over the world and also help them know the latest trends in the global business. remove from these, the company also uses special facilities which help then to advance their productions and operations and also make them to achieve their goal. Technological breakthroughs can create new industries which energy prove a danger to presented organizations. To summarise PEST analysis looks at the business strategies to understand the environment that the company is working and also to take the benefits and benefits to belittle the threats and the dangers for the business. Micro-Environmental Analysis -Porters Five ForcesPotential entrants HSBC has many threats from Tesco, Sainsburys and a large number of other markets consider to enter into banking industry as a result of high profits that the specific kind of industry offers. Large super-markets in UK seek to enter without considering that those threats sometimes breakdown organisations such as HSBC. Although, HSBC standard several threats from the market, they were still able to create high standards for the competition. Str ong branding images are used from HSBC, so the company will not result in loss of customers.Bargaining power of customers An organisation created a value which has affected the occupation from one of the two important forces customers power. The role of this force contains the customers concentration on with the size. In other words, HSBC managed their customers as a result of allowing the company to gain customer loyalty. The strategy that was used by HSBC allows them to have a chance bonny a world leader in banking industry. Threat of substitutes Another significant threat that HSBC faces is that competitors provide new products and services.This threat gives the opportunity to the company to work hard as a result of being sustain to its position. HSBCs strategy focuses on the four different customers sections. Bargaining power of providers Customer power mirrors to supplier power. This force focus on two important points. The first one is the significant size and concentration of suppliers and the second one the differentiation in the materials being supplied. HSBC use the strategy of charging markets with different prices according to differences of the price of each buyer. Rivalry among current competitorsThere have many rivals in the banking and financial sectors. HSBC used high-octane strategies to ensure its leadership position in the market among rivalries. Moreover, due to the capabilities of other rival companies, HSBC develops strategic plans to confirm that they are permanently being the first survival of their customers in banking industries. Nowadays, as we chase the mountain of financial crisis, a number of banks went to liquidation . SWOT Analysis STRENGTHS internationalist Finance. Record Profits. Listed in London. China. WEAKNESSES Poor Performance. inciter Name.OPPORTUNITIES Growth on emerging economies. Biggest Bank in Middle East. Low mortgages interest rates. THREATS Moving back to China. New Regulations. Fewer Revenues from the i ntegration of financial markets. STRENGTHS International Finance Since HSBC is a global company itself is well qualified to advise other companies on aspects of international business. With offices around the world, for the international client HSBC often cannot be defeated in this area. HSBC knows how to succeed in Mergers and Acquisitions (M E) and the organic and the effective emergence.Record Profits Last year, HSBC experienced the most profits ever for a UK high street bank. HSBC have revealed their profits more than doubled in 2010 to ? 10 billion with every region in the black for the first time since 2006. Listed in London HSBC is listed primarily in London and Hong Kong stock exchanges, which saves the company a lot of grief in complying with new U. S. legislation Sarbanes-Oxley law. Many companies have chosen to list on foreign stock exchanges, except America, because of expensive new regulations. China HSBC has 140 years of experience in China.Since China is the place to be today for companies and banks, HSBC benefits for being so old Chinese company and accepted by the Chinese people. The best news for HSBC is that, like other companies grow in China, it does too. The reason this happens is that it wins new customers and new global opportunities with each passing day. The HSBC has the largest network of any foreign bank in China and deeply understands the Chinese market and the customer. In a world that is increasingly going the way of China, this is quite a boon to HSBC. WEAKNESSES Poor PerformanceThere is a poor performance in the section of personal finance services. HSBC try to fix these problem years ago. But the problem is there every year. Brand Name piece it is certainly a global company, HSBC came late in the game to decide to execute a comprehensive market strategy and take advantage of the global brand. Because he had created so many different banks in different countries at different times over a period of one hundred years, which set them up with different names Hong Kong Bank of Canada, the British Bank of the Middle East, etc. Not even all of these banks prior to 1998, bore the logo of HSBC.In 1998, they were all branded together, but the previous lack of branding and name changes can damage the HSBC brand recognition. Customers may have thought that HSBC was responsible local bank and did not realize that HSBC had already serving for decades. OPPORTUNITIES Growth on emerging economies Apart from the growing Chinese middle class Brazilians and Indians have begun to front as consumer culture, and thus increases wasteful consumers. Some residents of those countries in the past does not even own a bank account, but companies such as HSBC is ready to move in and benefit from the growing middle class in these areas.In places like Argentina and Turkey, HSBC experienced pre-tax profits by 50% in the past years. This is where it grows more. Biggest Bank in the Middle East The other banks are removed from the Mid dle East. However, HSBC has been running regional activities at the local level and have been rewarded for his efforts with numerous awards and honours for the Middle East market. HSBC is a trusted name there, and the company benefited from new democracy in Iraq by establishing a presence in the country. HSBC is the largest international bank in the Middle East. Low Mortgages Interest RatesThe low mortgage interest rate increases the revenues and markets shares. HSBC has made some records on this. THREATS Moving Back to China The banking colossal HSBC has been most explicit threat yet that it might move its headquarters from London because of the narrowing regulative noose. New Regulations The investors of HSBC have been warned that future profitability will be affected by the new global policies designed to make the sector of financial more secure, but smoothed the blow with the promise of increasing dividends. Marketing Mix Of HSBC MarketingHSBC was known as one of the biggest ba nking and financial services organization in the global. It has more than 9,800 offices worldwide and employs over 253, 000 people in 85 countries in the world and nowadays, the competition of banking company is very demanding and challenging. Therefore, many different organizations should be used strategic management so that compete effectively and successfully in theirs. In order to competing with other organization successfully, HSBC was able to use many strategies such as Marketing Mix, SWOT Analysis, PESTLE Analysis, and Porters Five Forces Analysis.These strategies focus on four customer groups include Private Banking, Personal Financial Services, Commercial Banking, and Corporate Investment Banking and Markets, and these will help HSBC reach their organization goal. In Marketing Mix once the company is ready to choose business strategy, it has to begin plan the specifics of marketing mix or 4Ps (Kotler at el. 2008). The main aspect of Marketing Mix is product, price, place and promotion that the firm combine to produce the rejoinder it wants in the target of market cleavage. ProductHSBC uses hexagon symbol which means one of the world leading brands for customer experience, corporate social responsibility and represents brand recognition. HSBC provide a full range of service, such as personal finance, commercial banking, corporate investment banking and markets, private banking, insurance, mortgage, credit cards and so on. Price In Price and Service Strategies, normally a low price will attract more customers, but HSBC did not focus on pricing strategy. They resolved to use service strategy. For example, employee in HSBC serve customer with the best service. PlaceHSBC comprises around 9,800 offices in 85 countries especially Hong Kong, China, and UK. HSBC group moved its headquarters from Hong Kong to London. Also, HSBC provide the facility of Internet Banking where customers can access their account 24 hours per day and 7 days per week without goi ng bank. Promotion Advertising is the best way to do promotion. HSBC also used many kind of advertising for their promotion, such as billboard, TVC, print ad, newspapers, spot radio and also website. In addition, HSBC sponsored with many company and exhibition, such as Jaguar, HSBC Womens Champions.Segmenting, Target Markets and the behaviour of customers in segmenting of HSBC Marketing The market partitioning can help the marketing manager to determine the best marketing mix for organizing and serving the unique segment. This process is dividing the markets into the segments for the potential customers and has the objective for improving the competitive position of the company which can serve its customer better customer service. Market Segmentation is a subgroup of people or organizations sharing one or more characteristics that cause them to have similar product needs.Generally, the segmentation strategy is the division of the defined market in the smaller groups for the potenti al users of the products and can exhibit significant and meaningful variables which can represent the increased and mensurable opportunity for the products positioning or investing the resources within the organization and can raised the forecasted marketing achievement objectives in the entire organizational goals of the business. The information technology is considered to be one of the major tools for the functionality scale worldwide of the company.It has its own website and it also has the e-business for internet, interactive, PC internet, and the telephone banking. In order to achieve the companys marketing objectives, the organization needs to develop its marketing strategy or the marketing program that is centre to the detailed specification of marketing mix and it also includes the inherent control as well as the procedures for assuring of effectively implemented and part of this is the market segmentation whereas if this is properly controlled or implemented, then it will greatly contribute to the achievement of the overall goals and the marketing objectives of HSBC.Many of the analyst believed that most of the financial institutions rely mainly on the generic marketing strategies. For the past years, HSBC is known as having the secure brand which can maintain the string perception for the minds of the customers. This can take the time for establishing much resource in keeping be remembering by the other customers as the local banks as well as managing in transferring the brand equities to the corporate brands.The Market Segmentation is the centre for the strong development of marketing strategy which involves the identification of the customers perception, needs, expectation, and the buying behaviour in order for them to group homogeneously for the customers who can be satisfied as well as marketed to the similar manner. Therefore, there had been expectation that the one segment can differ from the another activity to the customers profile and tot he buying behaviour which has the connection to the gross revenue and marketing activity in establishing these customers which is an ample factor for having these knowledge. The market segmentation is not only to group the customers but to shrewd the certain segment for the development of the clear brands position which as part of the integral process of market segmentation.The company now can launch the marketing strategies which use the marketing segmentation for managing its growth for strategic outlook. This can be done by the deliberation of the revenue generation culture and maintaining the prudent risk of infection or the market risk while investing pass on to the people. The company has cerebrate on the customers needs as a main issue for their development and had been done by dividing the customers in their location and with respect to their culture.In this regard, the company had recognized that most of the customers want to have the long term relationship to the compan y, ambitious and confident, and has the high productivity and focused to the marketing. In the detailed telephone interview, the respondent noted that the market segmentation of the company for the products and services for the groups of different location worldwide are effective and most of the generated profits had been use in overseas subsidiaries.In this regard, the company can manage to capitalize the presence overseas as well as the local knowledge and the expertise so that they can bring the new customers for opening the new accounts as well as looking at the other services and products that offered by HSBC. The company also had been optimistic that most of the customers prefer HSBC for the long term experience and having the well trained staff added to the lower charges and to the broad range of the products.Lastly, this market segmentation is considered to be generic wherein it greatly depends on the region for the several subsidiaries of the location of HSBC and some of th e strategies are put to good. In 2003, HSBC had invested abundant step for proprietary relationship to the customers and to their management system so that the customers are managed efficiently. Therefore, they handled greater customer care and process of financial requirements in order to generate the customers satisfaction.For example, In UK HSBC generated much customers contacts for more than one million and led to the expansion of the existing relationship while the internet goes to the heart of every customers and their convenience which is important ravish to the customers. In this manner, the e banking of HSBC can be available for the 17 territories and countries worldwide. The commercial banking is one of the strengths of the company which includes the incorporated business as the partnership, sole traders, trading entities, and associations.In this area of business, the company main contacts to the customers are the network managers relationship which managed and establi shed to the local branch level or the expansion of the commercial banking centres so that they can meet their future and existing customers into their international reach while the corporate and investment banking can prove that the company can give the competitive advantage which can provide services for 25,000 subsidiaries and 1,200 customers for more than 50 countries.Because product managers can understand customers needs, then the group is supporting the teams through investing into the increase automation for the software and to the risk management, to the intranet site, to the central support of relationship management and having the geographical knowledge. In line with the private banking, the relationship to the managers can operate on the cross border basis in order to serve requirements which specialize for the clients for the different sectors which are all in line to the differentiated approach of the group into the international private banking.Because of increasing t he customer base for the company, it build services centre for every particular transactions. In order for the company to remain competitive, it had invested that it can lay in the company in the introduction of the supporting and functionality expansion. The company had compelled to the metric of high level which can provide the actionable data. In line with this, HSBC had surveyed 27,000 customers all over the 24 countries which consist of customers experience.The findings that presented by are higher cost-t-serve goes across the entire aspect of HSBC in the professional or personal experience. Upon the movement of the company in its segmentation to the other regions, its product and services had been aligned to the needs of the market segments as the needs to banking through information technology. Through this service, the design for the right dissemination channel in reaching the every distinct group so that they can stay contact.This segmentation had been essential to every single business detail that runs the bank in recognizing its long term growth. Conclusion and Recommendation for improvements of HSBC In conclusion we would like to state that HSBC Group is in constant search of further development and its key data of latest years financial performance proved that they are succeeding in their aims, as the company is exhibit increase in almost all aspects of its business. It has shown steady growth in total profits in all most important regions of operation.It has also achieved large earnings per share increase over the last five years. The company has recently made a successful growth in the Middle-East region and expects continuous growth in profits from that region. In Asia all business segments exceeded and also contributed to overall function of the HSBC Group. From our point of view, in a company that has reached such huge size and success, there is not much that can be improved, considering their financial performance.It is worth mentioning, t hat HSBC Group should give more attention to the rapidly developing internet banking system. The information presented in this report is enough to make the final decision and as far as we are concerned it is good and reliable company to invest in. It is a perfect long-term investment. HSBC Group has around 220. 000 shareholders in over 124 countries and this only adds to its reputation and proves its trustworthiness.

Nuclear Weapons & Cold War Essay Example for Free

Nuclear Weapons Cold war Es put1) How did nuclear weapons simulate the course of the cold war? The Cold War catamenia of much conflict and tension was between the United States and the Soviet Union, along with their respective allies, was from the diaphragm of the1940s until the archaean part of the 1990s. The building up of nuclear weapons was maybe, the most important of the some(prenominal) argonnas that the rivaling countries played in. It became kn proclaim as the nuclear arms race or the competition for supremacy The discovery that uranium was a plenty around the world shortly after the cooperate world ar, helped to solidify the nuclear monopoly held by both the United States and USSR. While the United States had their own re ejaculates for uranium, they soon discovered that Eastern Europe was providing a steady supply to the Soviets, until they could develop a source of their own. The United States, who had predicted that the USSR would not have any nuclear weapons until the mid-1950s, was massively surprised when the Soviets detonated their first conk out Joe One on August 29, 1949. It was much like the bomb that the US had dropped on Japan in 1945 nown as the Fat Man. From that point on both regularizements devoted massive amounts of m wizardy, time and resources to increasing their nuclear arsenals.First off, it was the hydrogen bombs and and so next came the Intercontinental ballistic missile or ICBMs as they are known. And on Oct. 4, 1957 the Soviet Union launched the Sputnik, the US followed with their own on Oct. 31, 1959. During this period of innovation, the world became nervous and scared they discovered just how vulnerable they were. Large netherground bunkers were built to save the presidents and he leadership of the nations, individuals were boost to construct fallout shelters and they were often taught how to react in the case of a nuclear attack.When both sides realized that any attack upon the other would be suicide for t hemselves as well, a new policy know as the Mutually Assured Destruction was adapted, and this would, in theory restrain both sides from attacking one other. The number of nuclear weapons held by the two superpowers during the Cold War increased drastically because of the need for a first strike and later a second strike force. The highest numbers of nuclear warheads held by these powers was approximately 12,000 for the USSR and 10,000 by the US.This many nuclear weapons has the potential to destroy life on earth more than 1,500 multiplication over http//www. pwc. k12. nf. ca/coldwar/plain/armsrace. html. And yet, both sides kept exploring and spending large amounts of money and resources on developing nuclear weapons. In many respects, the stockpiling of these weapons was by far the most important contribution made to the world during the cold war period, than any other resource added by any other country.2) why has the European Union found it so difficult to achieve political, so cial and stinting integration amongst the member states?Shortly after the Second World War at the University of Zurich, Winston Churchill gave a speech that called for a United States of Europe and the creation of a Council of Europe. This council became the oldest organization in favor of European integration since 1949. But, in spite all the enthusiasm of the European citizens, the Councils idea of integration has struggled for many reasons. One of the main reasons is because at the same time as the evelopment of the council another European Union was being formed.This Union was made up of twenty-seven European countries. It was established as the European Economic Community in 1957 under the Treaty of Rome and has undergone many changes since, most notably in 1992 by the Maastricht Treaty. At first this Union was a welcome relief, growth and restructure was happening over night. The European Union was founded upon a number of treaties, and their laws cover a wide range of topics . Both, a legislative branch and the Parliament govern them. And the politics of he European Union primarily covered the economy.However, there is still a disagreement on how far the Union should expand. Because of the disagreement, the integration and enlargement of the European Union has been slow since the end of the cold war period. Enlargement or expansion, together with the signing of new treaties, are seen by some as parallel processes, vital to the Unions welfare. To many this is known as the bicycle theory. The European Union is often compared to a bicycle if it stops pitiable forwards it will fall over. The bicycle theory also applies to multilateral trade talks. Bounds, Andrew (2007).Brussels blog Bicycle wobbles on the way to Doha, financial Times. And like most trade talks, both parties want to come out ahead in the end. Thus, the ongoing integration of the European Union and its member states are becoming contested on the grounds that it reduces its members national sovereignty too much. Politically, the Union struggles because neither theyre laws or their political theory offer up the concept of a democracy. Their attitudes remain fixed by the idea of a nation state organization and its people. Socially, this makes them still behind the times.Economically, They struggle with the different economic and resource levels of each of the member states. All these along with the concept of Euroscepticism, or better known as the opposition to the process of European integration, the Union continues to force out forward and yet has been forced to make changes to its policies. Amid the post war trauma, the European Union has become a beacon for organized political growth and upbringing. And today, in spite all the worldwide turmoil and confusion, The Union still spreads forth its hand in every effort to encourage global pacification and umanitarian aid to its member states.There is no set standard in the process of integration, but today there is a n ew focus on the complex policy making of the European Union.3) What was containment and how did it influence US cold war thinking? The word containment means to isolate or to make stagnate. In the terms of the cold war, it refers to the foreign policies adapted by the United States under the direction of George Kennan. In the beginning, their policy was to stop all of the outside nations from moving politically towards Soviet Union communism and to ensure that the United States continued to ave, what they thought would be, the upper hand.For ideology as we have seen taught them that the outside world was hostile and that it was their barter to overthrow the political forces beyond their borders. (XKennan, Foreign Affairs, 1947). They hoped that ultimately in the end thecontainment policies would cause the fall of the Soviet Union and its ally nations. Back in the early days of history, containment was accomplished with the use of brute force or tactics much like an army taking over a castle and then came the use of treaties and political policies, thus being the cold war period.Today this is often accomplished by politically using severe sanctions, as in the United States dealings with Iraq and Iran. Espionage and sabotage are other ways of creating a containment among a group of people or nations. During the United States cold war containment period the policies adapted by president Truman experienced some major setbacks through the opposition of the Soviet Union, and by the Time the United States pulled out of the Vietnam war and the al-Quran conflict, there wasnt mush credit given to the containment policies and ideas, anymore.So the United States started a new heory of detente or peaceful co-existence. Until the election of Ronald Reagan this was a believable concept. President Regan believed that the containment policies did not expand far enough, He felt uneasy about the weapons being held by the foreign nations. He wanted new missiles, placed in Euro pe to help the United States to become immune to the first strike concept. His new policies become highly controversial and very unpopular in many of the surrounding foreign countries.In 1991, the Soviet Union collapsed under the direction of Gorbachev and the wanted nd result of the original containment policy had been achieved, this marked the official obturate of that policy. All though, the US still keeps its military and missile bases in the areas around the former Soviet Union, just to be on the safe side they say, many events have effected the world and the current containment policies. As of 2005, the United States are listed as having at least 700 military bases around the world, like the ones in Iceland and Germany. Some up to date estimates suggest that the real number is much higher.

Yosemite National Park Essay Example for Free

Yosemite case Park EssayThe Yosemite Valley is regarded by its visitors as one of the macrocosms spectacularest natural wonders. People were attracted to its crowding beautiful scenery all in one small area. These include the five domes, lakes and caverns, cliffs and mountains elevated hammerulate 13,000 up to 15,000 feet (Hittell 1868). Yosemite National Park is found in eastern parts of Tuolumne, Mariposa and Madera countries located in east central California, United States. Extending across the sierra Nevada mountain chain, the park area was measured 3,081 square kilometers (Harris 1997). According to Hamilton and Hamilton (2006), majority of Yosemite is comprise of Plutonic igneous agitates which forms under grime when magma cools and solidifies slowly forming large crystals. Yosemite Park is composed of plutonic rocks including tonalite, quartz monzonite, granodiorite and granite which were loosely treated as granitic rocks. Gabbro, quartz diorite and diorite are plu tonic rocks which cannot be technically recognized as granitic rocks. Minerals including grand feldspar, biotite, hornblende, plagioclase feldspar and quartz constitute plutonic rocks.The texture and relative extent of quartz and feldspar largely differs in plutonic rocks. The formation of several(predicate) bodies of individual plutonic rocks was due to the repetition of magma intrusions into host rocks below the Earths surface taking 130 one million million years ago. The plutonic rocks antecedently in font the Earth are already out at the surface due to deep wearing away and elimination of the previously overlying rocks. Within Yosemite, solely small amounts of volcanic igneous rocks were found.Beneath the surface, latite lava flows, basaly flows and latite tuff are found while obsidian, ash-flow tuff, rhyolite and pumice were found on the surface. Huber (1987) stated that on each side of the batholith of plutonic rocks, metamorphic rocks of two northwest-trending belts wer e found. He added that metamorphic rocks were formed from the alteration of sedimentary and volcanic rocks due to high pressure, cutting stress and temperature beneath the Earths crust. Volcanically originated rocks are called metavolcanic rocks while those with sedimentary origin are called metasedimentary rocks.As explained by Lawson (1921) from the Handbook of Yosemite National Park, Sierra Nevada belongs to the class of mountains of the landmark Range type. The Great Basin is a sphere being described as without drainage to the sea which lies between Wasatch and Sierra Nevada. The resolutions which were found in this region of the Earths crust were broken and elongated in a north to south direction. The blocks under the wide valleys of the desert have been reclined and depress while the others was uplifted and composed the linear mountain ranges.Matthes (1930) indicated in his work that the characteristic, structure and history of the two mountain systems were known by certai n rock formations. The fogey remains preserved in rocks indicate the approximate time of creation. 415,000,000 years ago covered by the Paleozoic era, accumulation of thickness of thousands of feet on the pacific Oceans floor was caused by the outwashing of sediments from the continent. The sediments are then uplifted dry folded forming mountain ranges in the Permian Epoch of the Carboniferous Period of the same era.During the Mesozoic era, which was 40 million years ago, in the Triassic finish, the mountains slowly faded to hills and land sunk below the sea depositing new sediments. During the Jurassic period, as the sea bottom sinks more sediments were laid down. Parallel northwestward-trending mountain ranges came from the folded and crumpled remains of the old and new sediments. The folds below were accumulated with molten granite. In the Cretaceous period which is 75 million years ago, gradual worn down of the mountain ranges and the region resulted to its reduction into low land.Streams carried away masses of thousand feet thick granite and sedimentary rock uncovering wide areas. The region together is gradually upwarded to moderate heights. Due to volcanic burst, the land in the northern region was continually covered with clay, slosh and rhyolitic lava. In the Oligocene period, Rhyolitic materials were worn away due to continuous erosion. During the Miocene period which was 12 million years ago, the northern half of the region was covered with succeeding flows of andesitic lava and mud due to the beginning of another volcanic eruption.Irregular minimal crust movement and volcanic eruption happened. After that is a period of stability. The lofty block range with steep eastern front of the Sierra Nevada was caused by the transformed forceful tilting with strong faulting movements along its eastern margin. Pleistocene epoch is known for the great ice age, it was characterized by repeated mantles of glaciers at the higher regions of the range. Twenty t housand years ago up to the present time, is considered as the postglacial time wherein the normal climatic conditions returned.According to Harris (1996), island arc of volcanoes that was located at the west coast of proto-North America was due to the generation of Farallon Plate subducting beneath the North American plate. When two architectonic plates move and meet toward each other one moving down into the mantle and one sliding beneath is called subduction. During the Jurassic era, volcanism intruded and covered the rocks and these rocks eventually eliminated by the process of uplifted-accelerated erosion. 210 million years ago up to 150 million years before today, regional plutonism occurred.Plutonism is the process wherein rocks are formed due to volcanic activity. Around the same period of time, Nevadan orogeny occurred. Orogeny is the process of natural mountain building through distinctive structural phenomena. The rocks formed were composed of mostly granite and below the ground measures 6 miles. Uplifting of the Sierra Nevada was due to the vertical movement along the fault. The difference of westerm-flowing streams promoted the uplift of Sierra Nevada. The streams ran faster quickly cutting the valleys. Creation of Owens valley was due to the development of major faults to the east.Sierras uplifting accelerated during the Pleistocene. Exfoliation occurred due to the pressure produce by the increased erosion and uplifting exposing the granitic rocks into the surface. Exfoliation is responsible for the rounded shape of many domes in Yosemite National Park. Harris (1996) also stated that about 2 to 3 million years ago, the region has been changed by glaciations. Sherwin, Tahoe, Tenaya and Tioga are the four glaciations which have taken place in Sierra Nevada. The largest glaciers produced are from the Sherwin glaciation while the other stages only form smaller ones.It was said to be the reason for the largely excavated and shaped of the Yosemite Vall ey. Figure 1. geological Map of Yosemite National Park Source http//geomaps. wr. usgs. gov/parks/yos/yosmap. htmlReferences Hamilton, Calvin. , and Hamilton, Rosanna. Yosemite National Park Rocks. 2006. 14 May 2008 http// www. scienceviews. com/parks/yrocks. html. Harris, Ann. Geology of National Parks 5th edition. Dubuque, Iowa Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co. , 1997. 2008 17 May 2008 http//people. uwec. edu/ERICKSKM/references. html. Hittell, John. Yosemite Its Wonders and Its Beauties. 1868. 20 May 2008 http//www.yosemite. ca. us/library/yosemite its wonders and its beauties/ habitual features. html Huber, N. King. The Geologic Story of Yosemite National Park. 1987. 17 May 2008 http//www. yosemite. ca. us/library/geologic_story_of_yosemite/rocks. html. Lawson, Andrew. Handbook of Yosemite National Park. 1921. 17 May 2008 http//www. yosemite. ca. us/library/Handbook_of_Yosemite_Natl_park/ Matthes, Francois. Geologic History of Yosemite Valley. 1930. US Geological Survey Proffesional Pape r 160. 17 May 2008 http//www. nps. gov/history/history/online_books/geology/publications/pp/160/

The History Of Travel Agencies

The History Of die AgenciesTravel agencies exist mainly as intermediaries among suppliers of incite services such(prenominal) as carriers and hotels, and nodes. Travel agencies do not bonk with tangible increases unless with information where it is different from other distributors in m whatever industries (Cheung Lam, 2009). As for the give out performer it is best defined as an private who undertakes a work for another individual(a), who is being the principal. The principal in such an affiliation not only sets the aims of the work, such as selling tickets, however croup as well as control the gist and way in which the work is completed (Cheung Lam, 2009). Cheung Lam (2009) added that modifications in the business everyplace the past ten long time fix affectedly changed the environment and signifi understructurece of info in the hold up industry and, subsequently, the role of exit internal representation.Lately, the technology cash advance has brought change s in turn of eventsistry industry. Why did the mesh so affectedly affect the operate industry? What impact do the changes have on travelers? (Harrell Associates, 2002). The meshwork has revolutionized the magnitude in which clients pee their travel choices (Anon, 2012). Customers nowadays have several supernumerary selections because the cyberspace offers providers additional chances to generate direct customer relations and allows a change range of pricing (Harrell Associates, 2002). The Internet offers an influential atmosphere for the conception of virtual re prefaceations of tourism destinations permitting indirect receive that really exceeds the potentials of traditional travel genes (Bogdanovych, Berger, Simoff Sierra, 2005). Currently the Internet is the perfect connection among customers and dealers, over hundreds of websites, travelers have sufficient information for their travel preparation (Ortega, 2008). consort to Travel Industry Association of America (T IA) over 75 million online travelers used the Internet for their travel curriculumning such as to look for places to stay, rental car prices, also searching for maps and driving directions, searching for airf atomic number 18s and schedules and other information rough tourer destinations (Ortega, 2008). tally to Ortega (2008), he state that the travel planning and earmarking on the Web argon among the greatest popular online activities in best important e-commerce markets and online travel sales argon rising at an explosive amount (over $115 billion this year) in the US, Europe and the Asia-Pacific regions. on that pointfore, because of the development of the e-commerce in the tourism industry, the tourists have numerous selections provided by the Internet to obtain online, in the ease of their houses or offices, touristic services and growths (Ortega, 2008). Furthermore, the Internet assists to locate low prices in tourist services such as air tickets and hotel rooms. In conc lusion, it offers tourists a remarkable total of information to take a crap an exclusive trip.According to Vrana (2010), she claimed that a main enduringness to travel agencies is the capability to offer personal information and assistance to tourists endlessly, along with consultancy service for corporations and flummox out keep on secure if their advice-offering ability remained pledgeed by the existence of the Internet. Even though there ar many online travel services, a traditional travel ingredient is as far a zippy part of the trip as ease is to traveling (Will, 2012). The travel industry is comprised of over a dozen related industries airlines, restaurants, hotels/motels, travel agencies, gift shops, auto rentals, and a host of other businesses that may not be even recognized their dependence on travel and tourism since travelers are usually indistinguishable from topical anaesthetic customers (Cheung Lam, 2009). Will (2012) also stated that, the part of a travel m eans has remained growing with the eras and currently intimately people are reliant on them for fulfilling most of their travel plans so that they can rest calmly and just relish their trip.This take aims to examine the factors involves in sustaining travel agencys operation in stage to rifle in this tourism industry and evaluate their performance or sales of travel agency that can affected by the uses of technology such as Internet.1.1 RESEARCH ISSUESTourism has become the second largest economy contributor after manufacturing. One of the factors that contributes to the boom of tourism market is the advancement of technology. Travel industry are comprises of variety related industries, such as airlines, travel agencies, restaurants, hotel/motel and more (Cheung Lam, 2009). More or less, each of the related industry go away get at least a little impact from the technology advancement, notably these travel agencies. there is some look that indicates that tourism product is po pular to be bought with online (Nysveen Lexhagen, 2001). Online tourism has grown rapidly as the consumer nowadays are using the advancement of technology to acquire information and also purchasing tourism products and services (Dixit, Belwal Singh, n.d).There are many reasons wherefore consumer tends to choose Internet as one their medium in purchasing tourism product and services. One of it is Internet are giving them cost-saving convenience (Cheung Lam, 2009). Cost-saving convenience means that there are no efforts postulate for the consumer to spend their time and money to seek for information needed well-nigh a certain package. Some of the consumers also choosing Internet rather than looking for travel agencies because of the flexibility that Internet has to offer. The consumer are seeking flexible tourism product to suit their travel ask (Harris Duckworth, 2005). Based on their research, the consumers buying pattern recently has change rapidly to independent travel fro m the typical package holiday. To support this statement, they are adapting a research done by Mintel, in UK independent travel has conquered the travel market in 2004 with 55%.The other reason why consumers tend to choose Internet over travel agencies is because of online experience has greater potential in visualizing travel destinations (Bogdanovych, Berger, Simoff Sierra, n.d). They also stated that online technology offers 3D interactional tours that can deliver clearer image on the destination. Interactive videos can also be shown online without interrupting other customers. Based on a study done by Daugherty, Hairong Biocca (2005) which they wanted to get consumers reaction on the product presentation method. The two choices are indirect experience (virtual presentation), and direct experience (direct product manipulation). The results proved that, product knowledge and decision quality made by the consumer are both significantly higher when they are exposed to interactive 3D products than to static products presented in a form-based way.Despite from all the factors, travel agencies which are at stake need to survive in order to sustain their spot in the travel industry. They have to differentiate themselves more than what technology advancement has to offer. Based on the statement of research problem, we want to conduct a research on how travel agencies can sustain their operation. There are a few factors that make travel agencies can sustain themselves in tourism industry in Malaysia. These factors can determine the sales of the travel agencies because the trade travel agency community has sustained substantial losses due to the mutual effect of the growth of Internet (Cole, 2009)1.2 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEMGenerally, in real world, an increasing competition from other channel had caused the number of traditional travel constituents nearly decrease (Buhalis, 2003). The Internet is changing the industrys structure and the consumers behavior. W idely used of technology in tourism industry has affect the operation of the travel agencies in Malaysia. The usage of Internet by travelers has decreased the number of travel agencies sales in Malaysia. Besides that, Internet also has caused the high street travel agencies to close, thus creating job losses within the businesses (Anon, 2010).Many studies have looked into The Internet Travel Industry What Consumers Should Expect and Need to Know, and Options for a Better Marketplace (Harrell Associates, 2002), Travel Agents vs. Online Booking Tackling the Shortcomings of Nowadays Online Tourism Portals (Bogdanovych, Berger, Simoff Carles Sierra, n.d), Evaluating the bankers acceptance and Use of Internet-based Marketing Information Systems to Improve Marketing Intelligence The Case of Tourism SMEs in Jordan, AL-allak, 2010), Attitudes Towards Internet Use Among Travel Agencies In Greece (Vasiliki, Costas Savvas) and Travel Agents maintain A Losing Battle With the Internet (Wor ld Airline News, 2008). Unfortunately, there is no specific study that evaluates or ob coiffures on the factors that lead to the methods of sustaining the travel agencies operation in Malaysia regarding on the technology advancement.1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES1) To identify the factors that capable to sustain the operation of travel agencies in Malaysia2) To identify whether the performance or sales of travel agency are affected by the uses of technology such as Internet or not.1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION1) What are the factors that can sustain the operation of travel agencies in Malaysia?2) Does the performance or sales of travel agency are affected by the uses of technology such as Internet?1.5 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK commutative variables Dependent variableSustainability factors Human Touch Negotiation Power Interpersonal Skills Niche MarketTravel agencys operationFigure 1 Proposed framework for the study1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDYThe scope of the study is using the travel agencies around the Kla ng Valley area. All the travel agencies that took part in this study offers wide-range of services and products in their company. These travel agencies have been selected according to their location that located in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. Most of the travel agencies are located in Kuala Lumpur.1.7 SIGNIFANCE OF THE STUDYThis study bequeath fundamentally benefit few categories of organizations that play important key roles in the tourism industry. Firstly, the government bodies such as the Ministry of Tourism, Tourism Malaysia and travel agencies in Malaysia. Secondly, this study will benefit the educational institution especially academicians and students in the tourism line. Therefore, it is hoped that this study can act as a guide and reference in afterlife studies. There might be some filed in this study that is not investigate thoroughly due to constraint of time and funding and therefore it is receive for any future researcher to examine those intended field.1.8 LIMITATION S OF THE STUDYFor this study, we were using online survey. In order to deliver the questionnaires, we need to use an email. We took the email address of travel agencies from MATTA website, MOTOUR website and also their own website, however, some of the emails are not valid. This problem leads to the difficulty in collecting the information and giving us some difficulties in treat the result. Other than that, some of travel agencies did not give cooperation to us. They were not answering the questionnaires even though we already stated that all information are mysterious and only use for study purposes. Lack of the cooperation and resources limit the researchers to light upon extra information to enhance the study.1.9 SUMMARYThis chapter has presented the back priming coat of the research and research problem, outlining the research objectives and questions applicable to the research topic. This chapter also covered the scope of the study together with the importance in conductin g the research.CHAPTER 2LITERATURE REVIEW2.0 INTRODUCTIONThis study aims to discover the factors that can make the travel agencies in Malaysia sustain its operation in this tourism industry. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, literatures regarding the sustainability factors will be examine.2.1 HUMAN TOUCHAccording to a professor of psychology, Dacher Keltner from a University of California, Berkeley, he takes that, touch is our richest means of emotional expression. The researcher found out that, touch interconnects in ways that words cannot (Moll, 2012). In retail store settings, concisely touching customers has been shown to rise the consumers shopping times, store valuations and purchase volumes (Lynn, Le, Sherwyn, 1998). According to Jochman (2009) in his article title The Benefit of Human Touch, he said that the quantity of body contact plays an important role in peoples physical growth and mental as infants and in our happiness as an adults as shown by the scie ntists. Human touch has experience of working with banks, credit unions, insurers and other financial service providers to increase awareness of how service excellence can have a dramatic impact on their bottom line (Anon, 2012). A service representative asking the right questions and being sensitive to a customers needs can make all the difference between the sale of a financial product and the loss of that business to a competitor (Anon, 2012). In the years of computer-generated workplaces, where e-mail, teleconferencing and fax machines increase, something is missing that American business people need to close a deal the human touch (Seaberry, 2000). In other words, wag and looking at each others eyes are still needed by the business people.According to James J. Green (2012) in his article, he said that the personal touch-the person-to-person touch-that you offer to your clients the one that distinguishes you. He added that talking to your peers, in person, provides you with per ceptions that you cannot get electronically. Individuals play an important role in any business kindred because it is genuinely managed by individuals (Nguyen Nguyen, 2011). In manufacturer-distributor relationships, personal interactions talk about the dialogue at the individual level between distributors and manufacturers vital contact people (Ulaga, 2003). Furthermore, research has shown that personal interaction can play a critical role in distributors valuations of suppliers performance (Ulaga, 2003). As said by Kaufman (2012), automation is vital for growing and speeds up service in many industries. However, he added that when individual care or courtesy is required, customers require contact with real people. Once human dexterity flows and connects, good things can get completed and you can increase customer experience to your advantage (Kaufman, 2012).Scholars in marketing and organizational behavior are present giving increasing attention to the personal interaction am ong the customer and the employee on the frontline of service businesses (Mattsson, 1994). The personal interaction is recognized to be one of the important subjects in business and industrial marketing, both in terms of practice and theory (Mainela Ulkuniemi, 2012). Mainela and Ulkuniemi (2012) also stated in their journal that, personal interaction is also required to exchange social values and it may weaken the involvement of price in determining the behavior of the two parties. According to Pinnington and Scanlon (2009), business relationships are actually managed by individuals and there is extensive personal interaction in any business relationship (Pinnington Scanlon, 2009). Research has shown that a lot of companies are moving from transactional go relations to relational ones (Nguyen Nguyen, 2011). In addition, Tho D. Nguyen, Trang T.M. Nguyen (2011) said that, committed relationships are among the most durable because they are difficult for competitors to comprehend, t o duplicate, or to relocate. Thus, scholars and practitioners have agreed that nonpartisan relationships between buyers and sellers represent a source of competitive advantage (Nguyen Nguyen, 2011).Travel broker might look similar to a profession of the past, just handle elevator operators and milkmen, however they are not merely hanging on, certain of them are successful. In actual fact, the February/March topic of Shop Smart magazine publisher has a story on travel agents, saying that they are a lot better than online travel services (Williams, 2008). In the article title Travel agents Hong Kongers prefer the real thing, Hong Kong travelers blame the online trend and continue to choose for humans when interlocking vacations (Li, 2012). Li (2012) also said that, Hong Kong is not a huge urban center it is appropriate for people to make straight contact with travel agents as they are the expertise and backing that an offline travel adviser can convey additional value to the ho liday. Travel agents will make sure that you will have an incredible experience on your trip. They are excited and will show their exuberance in facilitateing you, their clients, have the best vacation possible (Bow, 2012). Travel professionals are individually invested in seeing your trip come to be a success trip. This personal interaction with existent, live agents undermines the frequent dull experience of doing it yourself online (Bow, 2012). As soon as you book a trip or a holiday with a travel agent, you create a personal as well as a business rapport with that travel agent. If something goes incorrect, your travel agent is your personal representative who has an entrusted concern in resolving the problem to your satisfaction (Morris, 2012). According to Geoff Williams (2008), if you are afraid that you will need to change your flight or your travel plans at the last minute, a travel agent might be capable to talk to an airline directly and will save you away from those wo rries and stresses.Even though growing numbers of people turning to technology, specialists on both sides of the bureau are saying that there will always be a space for the human touch (The Syedney Morning Herald, 2007). Wherever travel agents remain incomparable is in their capability to offer a personal service. Naisbitt (2001) refers to it as high-touch, the antidote to high-tech. Moreover, it is becoming increasingly evident that agencies will need a high-touch high-tech dodge to satisfy the customers of the future (Naisbitt, 2001). A website cannot provide what the travel agent can offer such offering serve up, advice and also that personal touch to your travel planning experiences (McNally, 2007). According to the technology advisor Mary O Haver, the experience that travel agent has is part of the personal touch that travel agents can offer. Besides that, according to Hoffman (2012) who is an online travel expert and managing director of the worlds largest online travel agenc y, expedia.com.au, people will always wish well to walk into a store and get personal service. He also said that, the more complex the trip, the more cooperative an experience agent will be. He continued that, an agent can guide an inexperienced traveler over foreign travel or travel to foreign destinations. When travel in less developed tourism destination, the travel agents may have more knowledge of travel about that destination (Morris, 2012). Complicated arrangements like various destinations on one ticket or group travel might turn into difficult and an agent with experience can attend to (Morris, 2012).According to Olmsted (2012) in his article, between the several main advantages of high- forefingered agents carry to the table is individual connections and influence. If you have problems while you remain away, your travel agent is there to help you in resolving your concerns. If you make a booking with a travel agency, you are less likely to experience flight, city, or ac commodation changes by the tour company, as they know the agent will be there to stand behind you (Travel Caf Inc, 2012). If you have at present reserved your trip but in the lead you go to travel you want to adjust some details, your travel agency can assist you by get all the required steps complete, divergence you without the difficulty and confusion (McNally, 2007). Travel agencies take care of all travel particulars form reserving tickets to booking hotels that can give the tourist sufficient time to plan the travel (McNally, 2007).According to Donvan Lieberman (2011), the human touch that makes travel agencies different is when something goes wrong with our trip we have someone to call or refer to solve the problem. Compared to persons who schedule their accommodation or flight tickets online, there was no one for them to refer to help them resolve that situation. Secondly, according to them, travel agents are giving services by giving real information or their personal ex perience on the destination spots they send people to. They can also give travel tips that maybe useful where we cannot get them from online information. If a person booked online, if there is any mistakes happen during their bookings, they will have to carry the burden for themselves. But, using by the travel agents, they will do anything in order to personalize the needs and wants of their customer (Travel Caf Inc, 2011). Besides that, the travel agents are giving their specialized expertise that an individual does not have, or might forget during a trip. For example, visas, insurance, currency exchange and also custom regulation of a destination (Cole, 2009). Travel agents can help you to arrange and organize any compulsory official papers that you possibly will need in order to travel outside of the country (McNally, 2007). Rand McNally (2007) added that, travel agents know the necessary documents that you may need for your traveling such as visa and they can direct you to your local passport office too. Furthermore, travel agent can give extra services that an individual cannot get from online booking. One of the example is they have the ability to source and different travel experience and help to book hard booked restaurant (Talwar, 2011). Other than that, when you call with any problems during your trip, an online travel agency is not firing to pick-up the phone but then a travel agent will remains to give you that personal care even though you are away (McNally, 2007). Building that personal relationship provides you the confidence that you can reliance on your agents expertise and no matter the situation, they will be around to assist you to find a re settlement (Bow, 2012).Additionally, if you should have any enquiries after booking your trip, you know exactly how to contact your travel agent and can escape the uncertain FAQ section on a website (McNally, 2007). The services that serve with the human touch and worth deal will make the travel agenc y retain in the business. According to Geoff Williams in his article, he said that as soon as the tourism space getting bigger, you are going to have a choice in the middle of a thinking, helpful individual and a capable unfeeling internet site that does not surely care if you travel on Saturn whereas your baggage bursts into flames on Mercury. As for that, who are you going to trust? Smart Money magazine summarized the whole thing moderately well on the cover of the June 2007 edition. FORGET ONLINE TRAVEL AGENTS GET BETTER DEALS.2.2 dialogue POWERIn general, negotiation mean negotiate process between two or more parties seeking to discover a common ground and reach an agreement to settle a matter of mutual concern or resolve a conflict (Business Dictionary.com). According to Fisher Ury in their book Getting to YES Negotiating Agreement without Giving In, negotiating is a basic way in getting what you want from other people (1981). While in Oxford Dictionary, negotiation means di scussion is aimed at reaching an agreement. In Women Are Getting Even (WAGE) website, they interpret negotiation as conversation between two parties in order to make an exchange. According to Rusk (2006), the meaning of negotiation is discussion intended to produce an agreement. It also can be referring as common solutions that used to make a decisions and settle down the problems (Moore, 2012), a process which is two or more parties attempt to agree on the rate of goods and services that they exchange (Robbins Judge, 2003). affair and negotiation are a fact of everyday work-life, yet it often produces anxiety (Cutts, 2012).The UK Border Agency has announced that there are still proficient problems with online booking service (Kelly, 2012). This statement shows that sometimes online booking faced a problem such as lost record (Kirschbaum, 2009), security issues (Fane, 2010) and technical issues (Scoot, 2012). There are problems that faced by customer when they used online booking system. Despite the fact that all the respondents (except for one) use computers almost every day, 14% believe that booking online is not securing in general (Bogdanovych et al, 2006). Conflict happen because of these problems. Conflict happen when people did not agree with the issue, it will create a friction or tension between that individual or groups (Nahavandi, 1999). Negotiation is a process that examining the facts of situation, exposing the interest of both parties involved and bargaining to solve the conflict as many as possible (Moore, 2012). Negotiation permeates the interaction of almost everybody in the organization (Robbins Judge, 2003). According to Lucas (2008), conflict might occur because of differing perception, inadequate or poor communication and also contrary expectations. These problems often happen when dealing with customer especially in travel agency. In tourism industry, negotiation is an important process to gain a mutual agreement of something, especia lly for the travel agencies. It is crucial for them to confirm what their customer wants and need. Through negotiation conflict between travel agency and customer can be reduced. Negotiating through areas of conflict can often lead to win-win situations agreeable to parties, reducing ill felling and conflict (Queensland Government, 2011). Travel agents have the negotiation power because they have maximum choice to offer to their clients (Travel Caf Inc 2011). This means they have variety of choices that they can get from their travel suppliers and they can give us the best deal with best value of possible. Online booking lack of firsthand knowledge and rarely gives customer opportunity to speak with someone knowledgeable about service that they are booking (Morelock, 2012). The clients and travel agents can assists us to get what we need in our vacation and help us to get the best offer.Online booking allows customer to make all travel plans on the Internet means they can do it any time of the day or night at home or while theyre on their lunch break at the office (Oakley, 2012). It is true when we are doing booking online we can make a booking everywhere and anytime, where it will be more convenient to us, but we cannot negotiate the price of the tourism product that we wish to book. If we are negotiating with travel agents, we have the chance to get demoralise prices as possible. Price negotiation usually occurs during purchasing of materials or supplies (Francois, 2012). For example, if a travel package to Cameron Highlands costs about RM300 for two nights, the clients can negotiate to get the lower price and finally they will get the offer around RM250 only. With negotiations, both parties will receive their own benefits and it is a win-win situation (Rusk, 2006). When customer asks an agent to negotiate, means customer are essentially asking the agent to subsidize their vacation (Brock, 2009) but through online system, customer had no change to negotiate with an agent because the price is fixed. The Marriott International, Hilton Hotels, Sheraton Hotels Resorts and others was charged in San Francisco Federal Court on charges conspired to use their market dominance to fix the hotel prices with travel websites like Travelocity, Booking.com and Expedia, a subsidiary of Priceline.com From this case we can see that customer cannot negotiate the price because the price is fixed. The aim of the negotiations is to decide the price that is acceptable for both parties (Francois, 2012)From price negotiation process it becomes bargaining process. Negotiations usually follow a process of positional bargaining (Cutts, 2012). Oxford Online Dictionary give two interpretation of bargaining, the first is an agreement between two or more people or groups as to what each will do for the other. The second is a thing bought or offered for sale much more cheaply than usual or expected. There are two types of negotiation which are distributive bargaini ng and collective bargaining (Robbins Judge, 2003). Distributive bargaining also called claiming value, zero-sum or win-lose bargaining is a competitive strategy that is used to decide how to distribute a fixed resource such as money (Spangler, 2003). Honeyman (2012), interpret integrative bargaining as one of platform which party try to understand interests of another party, on the expectation that it will helping the opponent to create solution as responsive its own concerns. According to Tewart (2012), many times people say they dont like to negotiate (bargaining) yet, they still shop around and never profits full price. The word bargaining here does not only mean price negotiation, it is a much differentiated and broader term (Management Study Guide, 2012). Customer also can bargain to build his or her own trip with or without help from a customer care executive (Agarwal, 2012), asking whether travel agency offer travel insurance (trip Travel Responsibility Informed Protect ed, 2012) and a customer can seek redress under certain circumstances commonly referred as the right to repair, replacement or refund (Government of South Australia, 2011). These are things that customer can always bargain with travel agencies.The freedom for the customer is dependent when they make booking through online system. Customer cannot confirm their specific requirement when make the online booking through the hotel reservation system (Vyas, 2010). For example, when they make booking through hotel reservation system and they have something that they dont understand, there is no place for them to raise the questions. According to Lloyd, booking online doesnt have individual to deal with booking process, it leaf to customer to read and understand the complicated terms and conditions. One of the advantages of booking direct with the hotel, by phone or email, is that customer can request a specific room of the hotel and they cannot normally do that online or with an agent (Tr end, 2010)According to Tewart (2012), most people act in their best interest and most people who say they dont like negotiating, actually still want to. This statement shows that customers still love to negotiate and online booking system prevent them from doing it. Negotiation is needed in order to secure the resources required for successful project completion (Evans Lindsay, 2008). Through negotiating win-win solutions with customers, it will not only give your company the best chance to succeed but will also create relation between customer and your company for future sales opportunities (Douglas, 2003). Negotiation also can increase clarity about the problem, can lead to innovative breakthroughs and new approaches, involvement in conflict can sharpen approaches to bargaining, influencing, competing and also can focus more attention on basic issues and lead to solution (Wertheim,1996). Solving problems that arise in negotiations is an integral part of collective bargaining. The first task is to recognize what is the problem that occurs and the secondly, is to decide what strategy should be taken to solve the problem (Anon, 2012).According to Goodale (2007), negotiation is one of the most important parts in business as well as one of the most interesting parts of professional purchasing